Anna Lyakhovich 08/29/2018
Investing in electronic coins is gaining popularity. Today, many investors are trying to find the most promising cryptocurrencies for 2022. This is not always easy to do, since there are a lot of coins.
In this article, we look at how to choose the most promising coins and what to look for. There are also several interesting options.
Factors that can influence the success of cryptocurrency
The most basic factor is the technology behind the coin. They largely determine whether a particular cryptocurrency will be successful or not. This partly explains the popularity and capitalization of Bitcoin, the first cryptocurrency created on the basis of the blockchain.
Today, there are many other coins that offer faster transactions, additional functionality and various add-ons. However, Bitcoin, being the first cryptocurrency created on the basis of blockchain technology, remains in the lead.
As for the emergence of new coins, if you carefully follow their development, you can see that the more interesting technologies they offer, the higher their chances not only of existence, but also of growth. They can also be considered promising cryptocurrencies.
The same Ethereum, which appeared later than Bitcoin, was able to quickly become popular due to the fact that it offered not only a system for conducting transactions, but also smart contract technology that can be used for business.
The same applies to forks of Bitcoin and other coins. If they bring something new to the world of cryptocurrencies, develop technology, make transactions faster and more convenient, and reduce the cost of using coins, they have a great chance of gaining recognition from the cryptocurrency community. As a result, such altcoins have prospects.
In the last few years, many forks have appeared that were created solely for cloning existing cryptocurrencies in order to make a profit from their sale. As a result, today few people know about them and such coins, naturally, have no prospects.
Practical application, relevance and timeliness of technology
These indicators can also indicate the future of cryptocurrency. Any technology must have practical applications in order to become popular. Otherwise, no one will know about it and hardly anyone will use it.
Blockchain technology, in general, has proven to be interesting because it has wide practical applications. Moreover, cryptocurrencies are not the only area of use of Blockchain.
As for new technologies, today interesting solutions are being developed in this industry that will significantly speed up transactions, for example, or maximally decentralize the operation of online services and applications.
How in demand is all this? Blockchain turned out to be very useful, because today not only cryptocurrency adherents are interested in it, but also governments, as well as serious companies. For example, the popularity of Ripple among investors is directly related to the fact that the company has entered into a large number of partnership agreements and cooperates with banks and financial organizations.
Community Trust
This is an important point. The more trust, the more chances a coin has for development. The problem with the cryptocurrency market is that there is no stability. There are not many experts. Often, it is difficult for potential investors to evaluate a particular project solely based on the marketing materials offered on websites.
If information from experts about a particular project appears on specialized sites, attention to it immediately increases and every chance of achieving success appears. Accordingly, these are also promising cryptocurrencies.
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OmiseGO
OmiseGO (OMG) is based in Thailand and aims to transform the payments industry in southern Asia. OMG is based on the Ethereum blockchain. The platform allows for real-time currency exchange between representatives of different jurisdictions. Both cryptocurrencies and fiat (dollars, euros, etc.) are supported.
Holders of OMG tokens are rewarded through commissions. This means that the more transactions there are in OmiseGo, the more earnings network participants will receive. And the higher the coin price will be.
The ceiling for the coin is high, since it is possible to attract large companies to the project, and a great team is involved in its development.
What is the reason for the sharp growth of cryptocurrencies from the top 10 by capitalization
If you take a closer look at each promising cryptocurrency that is in the top 10 in terms of capitalization, you can see that all together, they meet all the criteria listed above (to one degree or another). Yes, Bitcoin is not entirely convenient in terms of transactions, but it is the first cryptocurrency in history, and it attracted the attention of the community.
All coins from the top 10 by capitalization meet the technological needs of the market, are convenient and practical, and have certain prospects.
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RaiBlocks
Until recently, the Raiblocks project was little known to anyone. But the coin is actively being developed and is considered one of the fastest of its kind. The main goal of this coin: instant, almost free transfers in any quantities within the system.
It’s hard to see the potential behind the rather simple official website, but it’s definitely there. The coin barely made any progress and is still traded on a couple of provincial exchanges. Despite this, Raiblocks is growing before our eyes and is already approaching the top 30 in terms of capitalization.
How promising are such cryptocurrencies for investment?
Many novice investors make their first investments in the top 10 promising cryptocurrencies. This is due to the fact that such coins are the most stable of all and have a chance to increase their capitalization even more significantly. And indeed, if we consider Bitcoin or Ethereum, these coins still have room to grow. Some experts predict a further rise of Bitcoin to the region of $100,000 per unit.
As for the rest of the crypto coins, a lot depends on the marketing and how interesting they really are from a technological point of view and what they offer to the consumer. Even if you look at the top 100 in terms of capitalization, there are several projects working on fundamentally similar technologies. They are direct competitors to each other. In this case, it is most likely that only one coin will “take off” in the future.
In order to enter the top 10 by capitalization, it is not enough to simply create a crypto coin and conduct a large-scale marketing campaign. The cryptocurrency market is gradually going through a period of formation, and many investors have already figured out which technologies are truly promising and innovative.
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IOTA
IOTA is one of the most popular “non-blockchain” cryptocurrencies in the world. This is an innovative project in the field of transactions for the Internet of Things. It uses Tangle technology - an improved version of blockchain without the disadvantages of the latter.
Transactions within the network are not subject to commission. Crypto mining is impossible, and there are no restrictions on the number of transactions. So scaling is not an issue for IOTA. The crypt is not in danger of a fork, and To the Moon promises an interesting direction (Internet of Things).
What criteria should you pay attention to before investing in promising cryptocurrencies?
In order for investments to be as effective as possible, it is recommended, first of all, to pay attention to capitalization. The higher it is, the more difficult it is for individual players or even groups to dump.
The next important point is the turnover of promising cryptocurrency on exchanges. It is important to understand that if a coin did not appear yesterday and its turnover is only $100-$1000 per day, it is not worth working with it. Firstly, it is not attractive to investors, and this is already an indicator. Secondly, with such low liquidity, difficulties may arise in its subsequent implementation.
Next, you need to pay attention to the lifetime of a promising cryptocurrency. Bitcoin, Litecoin and Ethereum have firmly established themselves in the top 100, partly due to the fact that these projects have already proven themselves. New cryptocurrencies showing sharp growth may pose certain risks. Here you need to carefully understand what kind of technology is proposed and how promising it is. There are frequent cases of pump&dump.
To analyze a promising cryptocurrency, you can also use a price chart. If the reasons for the sharp growth of a coin are not obvious, perhaps investing in it poses greater risks.
The most interesting from the point of view of prospects for 2022 may be cryptographic money, whose rates are growing gradually over a long time.
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Ethereum
Ethereum proved its promise and attractiveness in 2017, firmly becoming the second most popular cryptocurrency in the world. When the price of ether reached $300 in the summer, hotheads predicted $1,000 by the end of the year. It didn't work out. Bye.
Numerous ICOs and hundreds of new cryptocurrency projects are the merit of the Ethereum platform and its smart contracts. The Ether blockchain has truly revolutionized this medium. Based on this platform, startups are created and projects are released that really add value to the digital world.
Why is investing in ETH promising? At least because of the introduction of the Proof-of-Stake protocol, which will actually stop cryptocurrency mining. By the time Proof-of-Stake is introduced, a serious jump in the exchange rate of this currency is expected. And even $1,000 doesn't seem out of reach in 2022.
The most promising cryptocurrencies in 2022
The following is a brief description of the TOP 10 cryptocurrencies, which, in the opinion of the editors, may be of some interest to investors and traders.
Bitcoin
The list opens with the first ever electronic coin created within the framework of blockchain technology. Its founder is considered to be Satoshi Nakamoto, whose identity has not yet been established. This is a peer-to-peer payment network that uses a special encryption algorithm. Naturally, Bitcoin is a promising cryptocurrency.
Bitcoin allows for completely anonymous transactions. The network is protected from hacking and DDoS attacks. The first cryptocurrency was one of the main popularizers of blockchain technology.
New coins are issued through mining within the Proof of Work mechanism. Users use computer technology to perform calculations for a specific task. The main task of miners is to create new blocks and enter transactions into them.
For this, miners receive a reward in the form of a certain number of bitcoins. Over time, the complexity of the task increases, and the number of coins received as a reward decreases.
The first coins appeared in 2009. Until now, the network has gradually evolved. The value of cryptocurrency also grew.
The advantages of Bitcoin include:
- Lack of intermediaries in transactions. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the costs of operations and the time of their implementation.
- Irreversibility of transactions. Once the transaction is confirmed, users can no longer refuse to send funds. This is very convenient, especially for business, as it eliminates the possibility of fraud when paying for goods and services.
- Security and anonymity. To work with cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology, the user does not need to provide his personal data. The network is protected by special mechanisms, which minimizes the risk of hacking by hackers.
As for the disadvantages, these include the problem of scaling. With the popularization of Bitcoin and blockchain technology in general, the increased number of transactions has led to an increase in the time it takes to confirm them. A side effect was an increase in transaction fees.
Ethereum
At the time of writing, it is number 2 in the capitalization list. The promising cryptocurrency was created by Canadian programmer Vitalik Buterin. The platform allows you to develop various decentralized applications and use smart contracts.
The idea of creating a promising cryptocurrency, Ethereum, appeared in 2013. The developers raised $18 million through crowdfunding (in bitcoins). The project was of interest to such well-known brands in the field of high technology as Microsoft, Acronis, IBM and others.
Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum not only offers a peer-to-peer network for secure transactions, but also a number of other features, including smart contracts. The latter allow transactions to be concluded between the parties without intermediaries represented by lawyers. Such contracts stipulate all the conditions, including the transfer of funds from one party to the other.
Once they are completed, the money is automatically credited to the account of the supplier of goods and services.
Ethereum is based on Dagger Hashimoto technology, later renamed Ethash. Mining is carried out according to the same principle as in the Bitcoin network - that is, through the use of computing power through the Proof of Work mechanism. However, Buterin himself has repeatedly emphasized that in the near future Ethereum will switch to the Proof of Stake mechanism (confirmation of ownership). In this case, the system will refuse mining, and transactions will be verified by those who store a certain amount of cryptocurrency in their wallet.
Why can Ethereum be considered a promising cryptocurrency in 2018? This project has existed since 2013 and has already proven its worth. Decentralized applications are being built on Ethereum, and ERC 20 tokens are being used as the basis for many new cryptocurrencies.
The advantages of Ethereum include faster transactions, lower transaction costs than Bitcoin, a platform for business, and widespread use among companies and ICOs. The project has no serious disadvantages. The vulnerabilities were fixed using a hard fork.
Ripple
Coinmarketcap ranks third in the capitalization list. The protocol was launched in 2012. The main goal of creating the project is to ensure secure and fast transactions. The protocol supports payment with fiat money, cryptocurrencies, goods or bonuses.
At the time of writing, the technology is already being used in practice. In particular, it is used by Earthport, which is represented in 65 countries. The largest banks on the planet, such as Bank of America and HSBC, have also turned their attention to this technology.
The promising cryptocurrency protocol is based on an open, distributed database that uses a consensus process. Thanks to this, users can make transactions in a completely decentralized system.
To approve the transaction, two participants are required. Users indicate trusted persons. If they are not there, the system independently determines those who will verify the operation.
Using the Ripple system provides a number of benefits to users:
- Cheaper transactions compared to many competitors and real economy financial institutions.
- Speeding up operations. All transactions are carried out automatically within a few seconds. This allows us to significantly simplify international trade.
- Financial services can be provided even where there are no banking organizations. For the system to work, it is enough to have an Internet connection.
Bitcoin Cash
This cryptocurrency is a fork of the original Bitcoin. Appeared on August 1, 2022 as a result of the refusal of part of the community to accept SegWit2x. All users who had bitcoins in their hands received the same amount of Bitcoin Cash. Unlike classic Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash users abandoned SegWit2x and preferred increasing the block size to 8 megabytes.
Thus, the network has become even more scalable than Bitcoin. Transaction speed has been reduced. As for the level of security, it is also quite high. The new cryptocurrency is protected from copying and erasure.
The complexity of the Bitcoin Cash network will grow faster than that of classic Bitcoin. At the same time, the developers introduced a function to reduce the complexity of production. It will automatically turn on if a lack of power is detected in the network.
The advantages of Bitcoin Cash include the decentralized distribution of the database between network participants (in principle, Bitcoin has the same advantage).
Emission limit at 21 million units. The creators of the hard fork decided not to change this parameter of the original cryptocurrency. The emission rate of classic Bitcoin is the same.
Complete anonymity of transactions within the promising cryptocurrency network. During the transaction process, information about the name, surname or other personal data of both the sender and the recipient is not disclosed.
Litecoin
This cryptocurrency is also promising in 2022. It appeared in 2011. The founder was Charles Lee. There is not much information about him. The Bitcoin coin was taken as the base coin. That's why the coins are so similar.
Litecoin was created as an alternative to Bitcoin, including from the point of view of mining, since the extraction of the first promising cryptocurrency in history was already significantly complicated by that time. However, over time, Litecoin mining has also become more difficult.
The Litecoin network is gradually developing; its advantages include lower volatility compared to Bitcoin. This allows you to invest in cryptocurrency. At the same time, the Litecoin rate is growing smoothly without sudden drops.
The advantages of this cryptocurrency include a higher degree of transaction. Each new block is created every 2.5 minutes. To register a transaction, only two confirmations are required, which also significantly speeds up the transaction procedure.
Litecoin has a high degree of protection against double spending and other threats that the cryptocurrency community fears. Finally, it is also important that the creator of the cryptocurrency is known. As practice shows, this also provides some support to the project.
Cardano
This is a platform based on blockchain technology. Development of the system began in 2014. One of the technical specialists of the project is Charles Hoskonson, who took part in the creation of the Ethereum cryptocurrency.
The project is interesting because there are three divisions working here: the Cardano Special Fund, Emurgo, which is responsible for marketing development, and IOHK, a company working in the blockchain field.
The main objective of the project may seem vague at first glance. Developers are working to create a decentralized economy and financial environment.
Another goal of the project is to provide the ability to create various programs based on the blockchain platform, as well as work with smart contracts. In this part, cardano has a lot in common with Ethereum. At the same time, developers strive to offer a product with lower cost and scalability. Naturally, this indicates a promising cryptocurrency.
In total, the project will issue 45 billion coins. The developers wrote the code in their own Haskell language. The innovative Delegated Proof of Stake is used as a consensus mechanism, the meaning of which is that network users delegate authority to delegates, who confirm transactions.
The network can carry out up to 7 transactions per second. Developers are working to make the network even more scalable. For this purpose, it is planned to use special nodes, within which only part of the transactions will be processed.
Cardano has its own wallet, Daedalus, which can be installed on both mobile devices and PCs. In the future, the developers expect to add the ability to work with other coins. In 2022, project employees plan to work on scalability of the system and expansion of functionality.
What are the main advantages of cardano:
- Reliability and high network speed.
- Separation of management levels.
- Wide functionality that allows you to use smart contracts and create applications, as well as work with the payment system.
- The system implements voting control, in which users can make decisions on the future development of the project.
As for the downsides, at the moment the system is not very popular among users. The finished product is planned to be released only in 2022.
Stellar
This cryptocurrency is based on Ripple. However, unlike the latter, it has a number of advantages, since the developers could already take into account Ripple errors. In particular, this is manifested in the distribution of coins.
The creators of Ripple, for example, appropriated 65% of the tokens. In Stellar the situation looks completely different. In addition, Stellar is currently one of the fastest platforms for conducting transactions using various cryptocurrencies. Experts predict serious prospects for it as a popular decentralized exchange or exchange office.
We must not forget that on this platform you can create your own tokens and conduct an initial coin offering. In the future, the creators plan to get some of the users who currently work with Ethereum. The advantage of stellar technology over ether is the simplified system for writing smart contracts within the framework of this promising cryptocurrency.
As for the prospects of this cryptocurrency, they lie, first of all, in the possibility of concluding partnership agreements with companies. In particular, the company is already working with IBM. The cryptocurrency is in the top 10 in terms of capitalization and has good chances in the future to reach the forefront as a multifunctional platform and exchange.
IOTA
The MIOTA project is based on Tangle technology, which provides higher speed of transactions compared to its competitors. Moreover, the uniqueness of this method lies in the fact that as the number of users grows, the scalability of the system improves, since it is built on confirmations made by other participants in the system.
The IOTA cryptocurrency was created as part of an innovative Internet of Things project. The development of this system is carried out by such leading brands in the field of technology as Samsung, Google, IBM and Microsoft.
The very fact that these companies paid attention to the project and the Internet of Things in general speaks volumes about the prospects of this area. It is unlikely that the world's giants will waste time and money.
Analysts are confident that more than half of devices will be connected to the Internet of Things in 2022. And IOTA has every chance of becoming a domestic cryptocurrency.
As for the advantages, the IOTA project allows you to carry out small transactions without technical problems and increased transaction time.
The advantages of this system also include the absence of commissions. Accordingly, any transfers within the system will occur without additional costs.
There is no mining in the system. All coins were issued by the company. Moreover, there is a limit on emissions.
No negative aspects of the project have yet been identified, since the network is in the testing stage.
NEO
This project is one of the competitors of Ethereum. The idea appeared back in 2014, and two years later the system was implemented. It was originally called Antshares and only then received its modern name NEO.
The founder of the project is a Chinese company. Da Hongfei stands at the origins. The project team consists of 15 people, 6 of whom are engineers. Neo is among the top 10 promising cryptocurrencies in terms of capitalization.
A total of 100 million units are planned to be produced. It is expected that 15 million will be issued annually. The project held its ICO. The developers kept 50% of the coins for themselves.
As for the advantages, these include cooperation with such well-known companies and divisions as Microsoft Azure and Alibaba. The authorities of the Celestial Empire are also showing their attention to the project. Some sources report that Chinese authorities consulted with the founder of the project before banning ICOs and cryptocurrency exchanges.
The project managed to attract serious developers. At the same time, the leaders have already made a number of sensational statements. In particular, they note that if the developers fail to cope with their task, new specialists will be brought in.
Cryptocurrency has a limited issue. This suggests growth if there is interest from investors. However, there is a downside - the developers kept 50% of the tokens for themselves and can manipulate the value in the future.
The system offers updated smart contracts that support digital identification, the ability to digitize various assets, and the ability to program using multiple languages.
The promising NEO cryptocurrency is distinguished by decentralization and the ability to scale the network. The project team sets itself the task of carrying out 10,000 operations per second.
The system uses a new dBFT matching algorithm. Here users select those who will take part in generating new blocks and verifying transactions.
Monero
People often think that Bitcoin is completely anonymous, which is not entirely true. But anonymity is definitely one of the greatest strengths of the Monero (XMR) cryptocurrency. This is one of the reasons for the growth of the coin rate in 2022.
Another interesting fact about XMR is that it is still mined on regular computer processors. And millions of viruses in the computers of ordinary users called “hidden miners” mine Monero.
Also, when a transaction is carried out, it is divided into several small operations. That is, if you transfer 100 XMR, then they can come in three transactions of 20, 30, 50 coins. Unlike Bitcoin, other users cannot track the transaction route on the blockchain.
Taking into account the fact that Bitcoin can be “squeezed” in many countries in 2018, such an anonymous cryptocurrency as Monero will only benefit from this.
Golem
Golem is one of the most interesting projects based on the Ethereum blockchain. This cryptocurrency platform is the world’s most powerful decentralized supercomputer, which in theory will be able to perform a variety of tasks: scientific research, recording terabytes of files, and even watching movies :). It will combine the power of all network participants to solve these and other problems.
Golem has huge potential when working with large volumes of data. Theoretically, the platform can provide forecasts for stock markets, identify trends in the economies of different countries, and even create medical consultations.
Golem has virtually no limits. This means that the project is potentially multi-useful. Isn't this an indicator that cryptocurrency has real value? GNT owners may be rubbing their hands because the next few years are shaping up to be Golem's big time. After all, the platform is just beginning its long journey. And for the success of this network, every computer and smartphone of its participants is important. So to some extent, Golem's prospects depend on you.
Hybrid fork of Bitcoin and ZClassic – Bitcoin Private
Bitcoin Private
Another hybrid bitcoin hardfork, as it appeared on the Bitcoin and ZClassic networks. The cryptocurrency operates on the zk-SNARK data non-disclosure protocol. An important feature of the new fork is that its creation is based on the use of two blockchains at once.
Bitcoin Private Data:
- Rate – 24.5 dollars for 1 BTCP.
- Capitalization is in 1291st place in the cryptocurrency ranking.
Holders of Bitcoin and ZClassic will become the owner of new Bitcoin Private in a 1:1 ratio. Of course, while the cryptocurrency is in a low position, it is considered promising. By the end of the year, it is planned to release a total of about 50 Bitcoin hard forks.
Cardano
Cardano is a new generation blockchain platform that bases its activities on smart contracts and incredible scalability due to a flexible philosophical approach to building the structure of the entire system. Also, Cardano is distinguished by the fact that the system is based on scientific research and statistics, with a cool scientific and mathematical approach to solving problems. Mathematics and more mathematics.
Mere mortals can also join this blockchain breakthrough by purchasing a coin on these exchanges:
- Binance;
- Bittrex;
- Gate.io;
- Mr. Exchange.
It is best for Cardano buyers to resume purchases at the level of 0.25–0.27, not higher:
ADA / USDT: buy only from the demand zone
Cardano rate at the time of writing: $0.36.
When is it better to purchase a coin: during the ICO or after
All experience in the development of the cryptocurrency market tells us that the prospects of coins as a means of investment are highest at the ICO stage. Purchasing tokens during the ICO at a fixed and low price gave a huge investment (speculative) effect after the start of the open sale of coins. The price of coins increased several times compared to their value during the ICO.
For example, last year several projects achieved similar results.
Edgeless cryptocurrency, which became the basis for the gaming platform. After the end of the ICO in March 2022, it showed an increase of almost 19 times within two months.
TaaS tokens from the fund of the same name were able to double in price in a month immediately after the completion of the preliminary placement of coins.
Even the most expensive coin of last year, Gnosis, whose network deals with economic forecasts, was able to rise fivefold in a month with an initial price per coin of $52.
Neo (NEO)
The first of the rating cryptocurrencies, which reached its maximum price in January at the minimum crypto market capitalization – $200/NEO. Then the quotes dropped to $64. Today, in the NEO market, demand exceeds supply, so the value of the coin is rising. The current rate is $129.
The maximum NEO rate is fixed at the minimum capitalization of the crypto market
The current capitalization of the NEO platform is $8.32 billion, and the trading turnover over the last 24 hours is $354 million. The last week showed a coin growth of 6.02%. Traders and investors are optimistic and expect further growth of the token.
Stellar (buy)
- Appeared in 2014;
- Short designation: XLM;
- The growth in 2017 was x400.
Stellar is a project from Ripple. Part of the Ripple development team decided to refine the finished product in such a way as to eliminate its shortcomings. Stellar developers face alternative tasks, like the Ripple team, Stellar has very serious advantages:
- Decentralization;
- Open source;
- Community oriented.
Status
The Status Network platform, with its SNT token, is a light version of the ETH platform, created to make life easier for ordinary people and developers who use ETH as a platform or as a currency. At the moment, the SNT development team is upgrading its algorithms and developing its network together with the guys from Riot, one of the first decentralized messengers.
More information about Status Network analytics can be found here:
About investing and future prospects of the SNT coin
Where is SNT token traded?
- Upbit;
- Huobi;
- Binance;
- Okex.
How to buy a coin profitably?
The coin is promising and inexpensive, so we can and should talk about shopping. It is best to buy a coin when it rolls back to the level of 0.15, but you can buy it for 0.30 if the price reaches this level:
SNT: buy from demand at $0.15
Status rate at the time of writing: $0.22.
Nem
The essence of the NEM cryptocurrency is very simple. They took the best from the core of Bitcoin, Bitcoin Core, and tried to apply it to the technology field. Well, in order to differ from the same Ethereum, instead of smart contracts, NEM developers added smart assets. The token of such a platform occupies an honorable 11th place in terms of market capitalization of all cryptocurrencies.
You can buy XEM token at:
- Zaif;
- Upbit;
- HitBTC;
- Poloniex.
The technical situation is absolutely no different from other altcoins:
XEM/USD is no different from other altcoins
Buy level: 0.38—0.40.
NEM rate at the time of writing: $0.51.
Waves (buy)
- Appeared in 2016;
- Short designation: WAVES;
- The growth in 2017 was x80.
The Waves altcoin is very similar to the Ethereum platform. We developed one in the Russian Federation. Founder: Sasha Ivanov. This specialist is very famous in the crypto community. For example, he actively participated in several blockchain projects. Today, Ivanov is constantly working on marketing his platform, Waves, speaking at numerous conferences. Comparing Waves with Ethereum, the first has several advantages: leasing, mining, its own decentralized platform, high transaction speed, minimal commissions and the possibility of stable scalability;