Ignorance of the basics of investing leads to loss of money savings, so it is important to understand the area in which you are going to invest. Let's look at the rules that are worth knowing if you plan to receive passive income through investing:
- Start-up capital. The level of passive income will depend on the starting capital; the more, the higher the chances of getting high returns. You can start with 1000 rubles, but such investments will not provide high income.
- Risk level. The higher the risk, the higher the return, as a rule. But the chance of getting it is small. It is recommended to invest in high-risk projects only if you have investment experience and have capital that you are willing to risk. If you lose capital, leave funds for further work.
- Constant action. Constantly invest in new projects or increase the amount of contribution to the previous investment item.
- Don't invest all your money in one direction. In order to increase your capital, it is recommended to divide your investment portfolio into at least 3 different groups, and possibly more. Then, if one or 2 areas go negative, the rest will help minimize losses.
Which tools to choose
Investment instruments (the asset in which money is invested) are divided into 2 types:
- savings instruments. They protect against risks, even inflation. These include deposits, precious metals. metals, OFZ;
- multiplication tools. These include those assets that allow you to receive income from investments. These include shares, mutual funds, real estate, corporate bonds, etc.
Before investing in various tools, there are several important criteria to consider:
- profitability and risk. These indicators are interrelated. The greater the risks of the project, the greater the profitability you will receive at the exit. Conversely, the lower the risk, the lower the profitability;
- investment period. The timing of different instruments varies. For example, when purchasing bonds, you know the expiration date after which you will receive a profit. There is an opportunity to invest in shares for a long time (while the company is on the market);
- entry threshold. To purchase shares, at the initial stage, 1000 rubles are enough, but to purchase real estate you will need more than 3 million;
- currency. Most Russian investment instruments (if it is not a currency) are purchased in the currency of the Russian Federation (rubles).
Creating a personal website or blog
If you have about $100, you can spend it on creating your own small information site. This is a fairly profitable and promising investment that will bring you profit in the future, and not immediately after the investment.
So, in order to create your own website, you will need to purchase a domain name and hosting.
- A domain name is the name of the website that you see in the address bar of your browser.
- Hosting is the location on the server where your website will be stored.
To put it simply, a domain is the name of your company, and hosting is the office in which it is located. The total cost of the purchase will be approximately $30: $10 for the name and $20 for hosting. The simplest and cheapest hosting will be enough for you to start with, so there is no point in overpaying.
(watch the video for only 24 minutes and you will learn everything about hosting)
After the purchase is made, you will need to install a CMS (content management system) on your hosting. You can easily find them on the Internet - most of them are free and available for public use. This could be, for example, WordPress or Joomla.
Next, you will need to select a suitable template (it can be found in the public domain or purchased for $10). And then all that remains is to fill the site with thematic articles and content, promote it in search engines, gather an audience and start selling advertising to them.
If you don’t know where to invest your money correctly, but want to understand web technologies, this is the best option for you. You will understand how websites are created, how they are promoted, how to look for advertisers and make money from it. When you gather an audience of 400 visitors per day, you can earn $30-100 per month, depending on the topic and monetization method.
It is quite possible to master the direction on your own if you use the WordPress platform to design websites. It has a lot of advantages:
- completely free;
- understandable on an intuitive level;
- a large number of templates and themes;
- SEO friendly.
If you are afraid that you won’t be able to master the platform on your own, we invite you to take part in the free online training “Creating and Promoting a Website from Scratch.” It is based on watching video instructions and completing tasks. Did something go wrong? No problem - the technical support service will come to the rescue and fix all problems completely free of charge. Participation in the training is a guarantee that you will make a website with your own hands, fill it with articles and learn a lot of useful things.
What can you invest in?
Let's take a closer look at the various instruments in which you can invest money.
| Investment instrument | Minimum entry threshold (RUB) | Profit per month (RUB) | Payback (months) | Grade |
| Stock | 10 000 | 700 | 15 | 8,0 |
| ETF funds | 6000 | 600 | 10 | 6,6 |
| Bank deposits | 1000 | 5,9 | 168 | 4 |
| Bonds | 6000 | 100 | 60 | 7,6 |
| Fund units | 3000 | 62,5 | 48 | 4 |
| Commodities derivatives | 500 000 | – | upon the fact of the transaction | – |
| Gold | 5000 | 16,6 | 301 | 4 |
| Currencies | 70 000 | – | upon sale | – |
| Art objects | 300 000 | 25000 | 12 | 7 |
| Online projects | 500 000 | – | upon the fact of the transaction | – |
| Business | 1 000 000 | 27 777 | 36 | 1,6 |
| IPO | 500 000 | – | upon the fact of the transaction | – |
| Open a franchise business | 350 000 | 14600 | 24 | 4,3 |
Stock
Stocks are popular among initial investment vehicles.
Profits from them are received in 2 ways:
- through dividends paid at the end of the year;
- when selling, due to the difference in the cost of purchase and sale.
Pros and cons
no profitability threshold
different ways to get
suitable for starting investing
the market is highly volatile
risks when trading
ETF funds
This is a portfolio of several securities of different companies. To get started, an application is submitted to the broker; an individual account or brokerage account is also required. Transaction fee 1%
Advantages and disadvantages
you can buy shares at a lower price than on the securities market
reliable way to invest
several different securities
Not suitable for all categories of citizens (cannot be purchased by civil servants, deputies, etc.)
need to work with a broker
Bank deposits
Deposits are a reliable way to save funds and protect against inflation, but their return is low. An additional guarantee of the safety of funds will be bank insurance in the amount of up to 1.4 million rubles.
Advantages and disadvantages
availability
minimal risks of losing money
suitable for forming an investment cushion
low yield (4-7% per annum)
an amount of more than 1.4 million cannot be insured
Bonds
Bonds have less risk than stocks, so investors often invest part of their capital in them. Bonds are reliable, yielding approximately 20% per annum. Even during times of crisis, bonds were a reliable source of income.
Advantages and disadvantages
high profitability
bonds are easy
bonds of small companies may go bankrupt.
Fund units
A mutual investment fund (MUIF) is a collective fund. Investors give their savings to the management company, which manages it at its discretion to generate income. You can dispose of your shares at any time.
Advantages and disadvantages
low entry threshold
the management company takes over the entire process
You can dispose of shares at any time
you cannot control the actions of the management company
Commodity derivatives
Industrial securities (derivatives) are options, futures, swaps, etc. This is a non-documentary form of ownership; you can earn money by changing the price of an asset.
Advantages and disadvantages
one of the most profitable investment instruments
both parties are obliged to fulfill their obligations within the specified period
high entry threshold
Gold
Investments in any precious metal (for example, gold) are long-term, due to the fact that the value cannot be increased in a short period of time to make a profit. You can purchase gold in different ways:
- buy bullion;
- buy coins;
- compulsory health insurance is open.
The annual yield will be 3-4%, but even in the most crisis situations (except for the bankruptcy of the bank in which the gold is stored), precious metals will not depreciate.
Advantages and disadvantages
the most reliable investment tool
ease of operation
will not depreciate under any economic conditions
The bank does not insure such deposits
Currencies
Buy foreign currencies. Most often these are relatively stable currencies, such as the dollar, euro, yen, franc, etc. Profit is made by selling at a better price. If there is a devaluation, you will lose your savings.
Advantages and disadvantages
speed of transactions
most transactions are insured
With devaluation you can lose everything
Art objects
As a rule, fairly wealthy people who are well versed in the investment process and have experience and connections in the field of art start investing in art objects. If you don’t have a lot of money, but there is a desire to earn money, then you can invest in aspiring artists, but there is a risk of losing all your savings. However, if luck smiles, you can make a profit of up to 500% of the initial price.
Advantages and disadvantages
high profitability
opportunity to experience art
reliable way to earn money
specialist help needed
Online projects
A modern, evolving way of investing. You need to have a good understanding of business projects, or have a good specialist who will help you avoid investing in previously failed projects.
Advantages and disadvantages
wide choice of investment areas
high income with the right investment
high risks
Business
Investment in business can be directed in two directions. First: buying (opening) your own business, second: investing in someone else’s business. The most important factor: you need to find a promising, rapidly developing direction.
Advantages and disadvantages
There is no income ceiling, you can constantly develop
a new vector of life (if you open your own business)
starting your own business will require a lot of time investment
high competition
IPO
An initial public offering (IPO) can provide fairly high returns. However, there are some peculiarities: if demand exceeds supply, it is impossible to purchase assets as much as you want. There is also a certain period after which the sale of shares becomes impossible.
Advantages and disadvantages
potentially high income
new, developing direction
high risk of making a mistake with investments
difficult to find a suitable company
Open a franchise business
Franchise business is one of the most risky and dangerous. However, the higher the risk, the greater the result you can get. Starting a business from scratch is quite difficult; it is much easier to use a franchise.
Advantages and disadvantages
high profitability
ample opportunities
high risk
Investments in PAMMs
Working with PAMM accounts means investing in the trading skills of more experienced traders. The investor does not trade independently, but provides his capital for management by an experienced trader. PAMMs act as a form of trust management, the interaction between the capital manager and investors is simplified as much as possible - the broker acts as a platform, both parties work through it.
For good managers, the commission fluctuates in the range of 20-40% of the profit received, that is, there is no fixed payment. The percentage is usually tied to the volume of investment; the more the investor invests, the lower the manager’s commission.
By investing through a broker, the likelihood of the parties failing to fulfill their obligations is reduced to zero. But this does not turn PAMMs into a source of guaranteed income. Even working on conservative trading strategies is associated with risk, the manager is an ordinary trader, he is subject to emotions and can make mistakes. Yes, and strategies periodically fail.
As the investment period decreases, the likelihood of receiving income decreases. For example, one of the best PAMMs can provide capital growth of 5-7% per day. But with the same probability, the account may go into drawdown during the day.
You can talk about the stability of trading only with long-term work. Not a single trader in the world can guarantee that today he will earn 5.5%, tomorrow – 4.6%, and after 2 days he will lose 2.1%.
Therefore, investing for a day in PAMM is a lottery. If you are lucky, you will earn 5-10% of the deposit; if not, you will lose some of the money.
There are practically no non-trading risks. The manager physically cannot withdraw your money or refuse to pay what you earned.
Real estate
Real estate is an investment instrument that has a fairly high entry threshold. Real estate prices for any purpose will not fall even during a difficult period for the economy. There is no investment without risk, but here it is reduced to a minimum. There are several options for how you can invest money:
- purchase for subsequent rental;
- purchase of land at the excavation stage for subsequent sale;
- sublease;
- commercial real estate.
Buy to let
For a small amount of investment, it is recommended to choose residential areas with good repairs, so that the purchase does not require a lot of additional investments. If you have a lot of capital, pay attention to the central areas, with metro and communications, this will allow you to receive large rental income.
Advantages and disadvantages
real estate does not depreciate
rent is constantly increasing
high minimum entry threshold
Purchase at the excavation stage for subsequent sale
This type of investment is quite risky. The main risks are the developer’s dishonesty; if he does not complete the construction within the agreed period, this will freeze the invested funds. It is also necessary to find a profitable buyer who will recoup the costs and generate a large income.
Advantages and disadvantages
real estate does not depreciate
the cost is constantly rising
high minimum entry threshold
Sublease
Subletting or transferring a leased property to another tenant requires sufficient experience and searching for the best options. The best option: renting out real estate that is rented for a long period of time on a daily basis. Most often, this scheme is used for cities where tourism is developed, because it is there that the percentage of rent is high.
Advantages and disadvantages
a more affordable type of investment than buying
minimal risk
takes a lot of time
Commercial real estate
Purchasing commercial real estate for subsequent resale or rental is much more profitable than ordinary apartments. You rent out premises for an office, store or warehouse. You won’t be able to quickly increase your money here, but for future activities this is the best investment option.
Advantages and disadvantages
real estate does not depreciate
the object is owned
can be resold
high minimum entry threshold
Risk level
There is always a chance of losing money, but in the case of short-term investments it is extremely high. You should not trust promises, since too high interest rates indicate either fraud or ill-conceived schemes for using funds.
The greatest risks are:
- PAMM accounts;
- investing in microfinance organizations;
- Forex;
- crowdinvesting;
- hype projects.
The listed methods require the transfer of money to third parties for management or the investor having knowledge in the financial sector. Without this, it will not be possible to make a profit and the investment will collapse. The lowest risks are assumed when investing money in:
- fast deposits;
- company shares;
- cryptocurrency.
The first two methods are protected both by the state and by the property of the company issuing the shares.
In the case of cryptocurrencies, it is assumed that the decrease in their value, although unforeseen, does not last long. The exchange rate will not only recover, but also increase, which means profit is guaranteed for investments for a period of six months or a year.
Alternative Investments
For modern, more advanced investors, there are also alternative investments. They help diversify your portfolio and invest your capital more profitably
Crowdinvesting
Crowdinvesting is a collective type of investment. You can jointly issue a loan to a private company or buy out its share of the market. The risk is high, small companies may fail in the market and you will not receive the desired income. If the outcome is positive, the return will be much higher than in the stock markets.
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is an asset with fairly high volatility and unpredictable results. Beginning investors are highly discouraged from using such an investment instrument, or investing small amounts.
P2P lending
Loans are issued for any period; as a rule, the shorter the term, the higher the interest. Additional risks arise associated with possible dishonesty of the borrower, but the potential income is known in advance.
As for profit, when lending for 1 day you can count on a profit from 1-2% to 10+%. The higher the percentage, the greater the risk the lender takes; such loans are issued to borrowers without a long credit history.
As for organizing this kind of investment, it is most convenient to use specialized platforms for p2p lending. Similar services are found on crypto exchanges and payment systems. For example, WebMoney has been operating a debt service for several years. You can issue loans for a period of 1 day, with such terms interest can reach 8-10% and higher.
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Prepare to save money
Before you plunge headlong into the world of investment, be prepared for the possibility of financial loss in the early stages. Make sure you have a reserve of money in case your investment fails. This is necessary even if you plan to risk a minimum amount.
Create a financial cushion
Having a financial cushion is the main action that is recommended to be taken before investing. A financial cushion is a reserve of cash that is enough to live comfortably for some time. It is better if the size is enough for 3-6 months of comfortable existence.
Money is kept both in cash and in a bank account. It is recommended to invest in a bank deposit with the possibility of withdrawal. The interest on the deposit will be minimal, but will cover part of the inflation.
In the absence of a financial cushion, there is a possibility that you will sell shares at the first need. This will not allow you to get profitability.
Divide the airbag into 3 currencies
Economists recommend keeping savings in 3 currencies: rubles, dollars and euros. If one or 2 currencies fall, a third one will help offset the losses. The proportions are different, everyone chooses the most suitable one for themselves. Experts disagree on this point.
How to divide the capital, choose based on personal preferences and market monitoring at the time of the deposit.
Pay off all loans
A necessary condition for investing is the complete absence of credits and loans. Try to pay off your loans as quickly as possible, possibly paying more than the minimum payment each month. After you have covered your obligations to creditors, proceed to the stage of forming a financial cushion for further investment.
Fintech
Another direction the development of which was given impetus by the pandemic. Daily transactions that previously required a physical visit to financial institutions can now be carried out on any device connected to the network - from a PC to a regular mobile phone. The Russian market in this regard can be considered one of the most developed: convenient banking mobile applications appeared here more than five years ago, in Europe and the USA banks are only now starting to create similar tools, developing this area.
Material on the topic
The share of contactless payments will grow: according to Statista, about 440 million people used them in 2018, and 760 million in 2022. Therefore, in the next few years, we can expect the emergence of a large number of fintech startups that will make life easier for ordinary users. Large banks and financial organizations will also begin to pay more attention to this aspect, creating their own products or buying startups and implementing already developed solutions. With the growth of cryptocurrency rates, more and more new payment instruments are appearing that facilitate interaction with digital currencies. Financial organizations will increasingly use new tools like artificial intelligence: analysts predict that by 2030, AI will reduce banks' operating costs by 22%.
The following companies are represented in this area: Global Payments, Upstart, Affirm, Square, PagSeguro Digital, LendingClub, Mogo, SoFi Technologies, Ally Financial.
How to invest without losses
It is difficult to avoid losses in investing; it is a risky way of creating passive income. To minimize losses, adhere to the following rules:
- Avoid offers with suspiciously high returns for a short investment period. Such companies do not fulfill their payment promises, and the risk of losing money is high.
- Working on Forex. Playing on the stock exchange is not suitable for beginners; there are many companies here that are dishonest about their obligations.
- Invest in 3-4 areas. It is better not to put your eggs in one basket (according to the American proverb), but to split your investments.
- Don't invest all your money. If you want to protect yourself, do not invest more than 1.5 million rubles, choose secured funds or government bonds.
Hype projects
Investments of this type are extremely risky. Even if a hype project has a well-developed legend and serious ambitions, there is no guarantee that it will not collapse 1-2 months after the start. But investments for 1 year and up to a year can give good results.
Most of these projects are financial pyramids, only the packaging is different - the sauce under which the intentions of the creators of the pyramid are presented. But if you enter at the start, then there is a chance to be among the lucky ones and make money.
Success is determined by the rigidity of selection and the ability to filter out frankly unreliable proposals. When filtering, consider the following:
- The higher the profitability offered, the lower the likelihood of the project working for a long time . If you are promised 100% of your income per week, then most likely the goal is to raise money and close the project in 1-2 months.
- Adequacy of the legend.
- Documentation . Check the correspondence of the legend and registration data at least on the website egrul.nalog.ru. Both the name of the company and the full name of the manager must match exactly. This does not guarantee 100% reliability, but it allows you to weed out outright dummies.
- The reality of work . If there is no confirmation of the reality of the work, then you will have to take the word of the authors of the legend.
Let's analyze the analysis using Symbios Club as an example:
- The company is officially registered in Russia, operates legally, and has a real office in the Russian Federation.
- The idea looks workable - the company operates in the bankruptcy market, buys the property of bankrupt people at auctions, resells it and makes money from this. This is a working approach; you can actually make money using this scheme.
- There is documentary evidence of participation in auctions and confirmation of a number of victories in auctions. Moreover, this information is available not only on the Symbiosis Club website, but also on the sites themselves where auctions on bankrupt property are held.
- Relatively low returns are offered.
The project started recently, a quick analysis shows that it can last longer than a couple of months. You can take a risk and invest small money in it for 1 year or less.
PS You may be reading this article a long time after it was published, so be careful, it may already be too late to invest in this hype.
Remember that hype projects by default involve a very high risk. You can earn more than 100% in a year, but the risk of loss is very high. It is prohibited to direct all the money allocated for investment to HYIP projects.
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What to pay attention to when investing
Let's look at a few tips on what you need to pay attention to when investing:
- Inflation. When calculating profitability, correctly calculate the inflation rate. This is especially important now, during times of crisis.
- Choose insured deposit types. This will allow you to avoid losing all your money in case of failure.
- When forming a portfolio, pay attention to have several different instruments. If the level of profitability of one decreases, losses can be covered by the others.
- Try to understand investing yourself, then you will save money on brokers and feel confident in the market.
Common mistakes of novice investors
Novice investors make the following mistakes:
- They invest other people's money. Taking loans and credits for investment is unacceptable. Interest on loans exceeds investment income. First, pay off your obligations, create a financial cushion, and only after that try your hand at investing.
- Invest all your savings. Leave some funds for yourself so that if the investment fails, you will have funds for further work. Earning passive income by investing all your money is difficult.
- Invest without understanding. Acting at random in this matter is risky; there is a high risk of complete loss of capital.
- Buy into the promise of high returns. It is worth understanding that if you invest 100 rubles in a week you will not receive 1,000 rubles. Companies that promise suspiciously high returns in a short period of time are often deceivers.
IIS and receiving a tax deduction
IIS in Russia save on taxes using tax deductions. To withdraw money from the account, the account must be closed. If you close less than 3 years after opening, then the right to deduction is lost. Only 1 such account is allowed to be opened at a time. You can deposit no more than 1 million rubles per year. There are 2 types of deduction:
- type A. Contribution deduction (13%);
- type B. Deduction for income. Income is exempt from taxes (except for dividends).
If type A was applied to the account, then type B will no longer be applicable.
Remember
Positions to consider when investing:
- When calculating profitability, take into account the inflation rate.
- Deposits are reliable, but they have minimal profitability. They only cover inflation.
- Investments in foreign currency also protect against inflation, but it is better for the portfolio to consist of several currencies.
- Bonds provide high returns, but there is a high risk of losing funds
- Investments in business allow you to get your own ready-made business, or invest in someone else’s.
- Large investments require experience and skills. Beginner investors are not advised to invest all their funds.
Buying shares
Securities can be purchased for a day or for several hours. The holding period for long positions is not regulated; scalpers can even enter into transactions every few minutes. But in this case we are not talking about investing, but about trading.
The essence of both concepts is similar - in both trading and investing, when purchasing an asset, the bet is on its growth and sale at a higher price in the future. The difference lies in the period of holding an open position and the methodology for selecting securities; when investing, the emphasis is on the “foundation”; when trading, on technical analysis. If we are talking about one day, then this is definitely trading, not investing.
As for the result, it all depends on the specific date and security:
- In the absence of strong news, the price may fluctuate in a narrow range. The daily rise/fall is insignificant.
- When, for example, a quarterly report or unexpected news is released, volatility increases sharply and in a few hours the stock price can soar by 5-10%. Trading commissions are relatively small; in this scenario, the trader will make good money.
The main risk, as in the case of PAMMs, is the inability to guarantee results over a short distance.
