Structure
The classic version consists of a cylindrical elongated body, a plug, a sponge, a neck, valves and a lower elbow. The most common colors are brown, silver, dark red.
The large flute is characterized by a straight head. On alto and bass models, a curved one is used. Materials of manufacture: wood, silver, platinum, nickel. The head type is cylindrical. On the left is a plug that holds the instrument in tune.
There are 2 additional types of design:
- Inline. The valves are located in one row.
- Offset. The salt valve is located separately.
Sound
The flute creates sound when a stream of air crosses a hole, causing vibration. The blown air flow acts according to Bernoulli's law. The musician changes the range of sound by opening and closing holes on the body of the instrument. This changes the length of the resonator, which is reflected in the frequency of the resonating surface. By controlling air pressure, a musician can also change the range of sound using just his mouth.
Open-type models sound an octave lower than closed ones of the same size. The large model's sound range is from H to C4.
Reasons for flat trading: why it forms
The main reason for the appearance of a flat in the markets, according to most traders, is the redistribution of money or the accumulation of an asset on the exchange. Large players fold or, conversely, accumulate positions. Since their capital is very large, this takes time. And sometimes not for long: months, and maybe even years.
Note You can read more about the accumulation and redistribution of capital in the article about VSA analysis. This direction of trading gives good signals for opening/closing positions, but few people use this data.
In a flat, many traders make many mistakes, since many false breakouts of levels occur. The price methodically goes up and down, as if hypnotizing you to make many transactions. Almost all beginners willingly open positions at this time, and then wait for a long time for profit, and many even close in the red.
When opening a position during a flat period, you cannot predict where the market will move. In the case of shares, you can expect that it will go up, because... this market as a whole is inclined to rise in price, but no one promises that prices will not reach new lows first.
- What determines the price of shares;
- How to choose undervalued stocks;
- How investors lose money on the stock market;
Kinds
Unlike other musical instruments, types of flutes differ greatly in both structure and sound.
Flutes without a whistle device have the simplest design. The musician blows air into one hole, which comes out of the other with sound. The sound is regulated by the force of breathing and the blocked finger holes. An example is the traditional Indian Kena. The standard length of the kena is 25-70 cm. It is used in the art of the indigenous peoples of South America. Similar variations without a whistle device: the Japanese shakuhachi made of bamboo and the Chinese xiao wooden flute.
Transverse
Aerophones with a whistle device produce sound generated by the passage of air flow through a special mechanism. The mechanism is called a mouthpiece, and the performer blows into it. An example of a whistle version is the recorder. A block is installed in the head part. The bottom holes are double. The note is played using fork fingerings. The sound character is weak, transverse models sound louder.
A similar type is the flute. Distributed among Slavic peoples. Characterized by a sound range of 2 octaves. Length 30-35 cm. Related Russian folk instruments: pipe, pyzhatka, double zhaleika.
The double flute is a paired design with a double whistle device. The Belarusian version is called a double pipe. The length of the first tube is 330-250 mm, the second - 270-390 mm. When playing, they are held at an angle from each other.
Multi-stem versions look like a series of tubes of varying lengths held together. The musician alternately blows into different tubes, the ends of which sound with different timbres. Examples: siringa, panflute, kugikly.
A modern flute is made of metal. Sound characteristics: soprano. The pitch of the sound changes by blowing, as well as by closing and opening the valves. Refers to transverse aerophones.
How to trade in a sideways trend?
A flat on Forex is a time when the strength of bulls and bears is approximately equal and they are not enough to form an upward or downward trend, so the price does not have a pronounced trend.
Neutral trend, euro/dollar currency pair
As a rule, during a neutral trend, traders, especially those who prefer a trend trading style, do not trade, since the profit obtained from price changes is minimal. However, flat trading is popular among traders who prefer channel trading strategies.
Trading in a sideways trend implies:
- purchases from support lines,
- sell at resistance lines.
It is worth considering that a breakthrough of a technical line may mean the beginning of a new price trend, so pending orders can also be used for trading:
- BuyStop - when the flat resistance line is broken,
- SellStop - when the flat support line is broken.
Trading in a neutral trend
In no case should you neglect stop loss orders, since the price can form a false breakout and then return to the flat.
History of origin and development
The history of the flute dates back about 45,000 years. The predecessor of the flute is the whistler. This is the name given to primitive whistle tubes with two holes - for inhaling air and releasing it. The appearance of the flute is associated with the beginning of the appearance of holes for the fingers.
The remains of the oldest flute were found in Slovenia, at the archaeological site of Divye Baba. The approximate age of the find is 43,000 years. It is believed that this is the oldest part of a musical instrument found, and it could have appeared for the first time in the territory of modern Slovenia. Most scientists attribute the invention of the Divya Baba flute to Neanderthals. Researcher from Slovenia M. Brodar believes that the find was invented by Cro-Magnons of the late Paleolithic era.
In the late 2000s, another ancient variation was found in Germany near Ulm. Has a small size. The five-cut design has a Y-shaped cutout for the performer's mouth. Made from vulture bones. Later, more ancient aerophones were discovered in Germany. Finds 42-43,000 years old were found in the suburb of Blaubeuren.
Several aerophones were discovered in the Hole Fels gorge, near the rock paintings. Talking about the find, scientists put forward the theory that it “shows the existence of musical customs at the time when modern people colonized Europe.” The scientists also said the discovery of the tool would help explain the cultural and mental differences between Neanderthals and early modern humans.
A bone flute with playing properties was recovered from the Xiahu crypt in Henan, China. Along with it were 29 more broken specimens with slight differences in structure. Age - 9,000 years. The number of holes for fingers is 5-8.
The oldest surviving Chinese transverse flute was found in the tomb of Prince Yi. The Chinese call it "chi". It could have been invented in 433 BC, during the late Zhou Dynasty. Body made of varnished bamboo. There are 5 cutouts on the side. Chi is mentioned in the texts of Confucius.
The oldest written record of a wind instrument dates back to 2600-2700 BC. Authorship is attributed to the Sumerian people. Wind instruments are also mentioned in the recently translated Gilgamesh tablet. The epic poem was written between 2100 and 600 BC.
Among the interesting facts: a number of Sumerian tablets known as "musical texts" were translated. The tables provide instructions for fine-tuning musical instrument scales. One of the scales is called "embubum", which means "flute" in Akkadian.
Flutes have an important place in Indian culture and mythology. Indian literature of the 16th century BC contains many references to cross-variation. Music history scholars believe that India is the birthplace of the crossover version.
The longitudinal flute appeared in modern Egypt around 3000 BC. Currently, it continues to be the main wind instrument in Muslim countries of the Middle East.
Longitudinal
During the Middle Ages, the transverse flute became popular in Europe and remains popular to this day. In the 15th century, longitudinal specimens came to Europe.
In the 17th century, the French composer Jacques Otteter improved the design of the instrument. The finger holes were equipped with valves. The result is coverage of the full chromatic sound range. The creation of a new design led to the fading of the popularity of the longitudinal recorder. Since the 17th century, the updated flute has taken an important role in the orchestra. A symphony orchestra without this instrument began to be considered incomplete.
In the 19th century, Theobald Böhm made significant changes to the design. The master arranged the holes according to acoustic principles, added rings and valves, and installed a cylindrical cross-section channel. The new version was made of silver, making it look more expensive. Since then, the instrument has not received major design changes.
Flat betting: strategies
There is a gradation within the presented betting tactics. Conventionally, flat can be further divided into 3 types:
- Strategies for beginners.
- Strategies for professionals.
- Undesirable strategy.
First about the last type. It is often called chaotic. The player bets 1-10% of the bank without consistency. The result of this technique is a quick drain of the bank.
Strategies for Beginners
Academic and static flat are suitable for beginners. With the first strategy, the percentage can be changed from 1 to 2. The value depends on the player’s confidence in the desired outcome.
In a static position, it is recommended to constantly set a fixed percentage. Moreover, experts advise “yellow-mouthed” bettors to bet not even on 2, but on 1% of the bank.
Strategies for professionals
Flat betting is a universal tool suitable for both beginners and experienced bettors. However, in the latter case there are nuances. For such players it is better to use 2 types of tactics:
- aggressive;
- with a percentage dependent on the coefficient.
The aggressive model resembles a static flat. However, here the bettor puts 5% of the bank on each bet. There are no other differences.
Flat with a percentage dependent on the odds requires constant calculations
With the odds-dependent percentage, things are different. First you need to decide on the bet percentage at odds of 2.0. Let it be a conditional 5% of the bank. Now you need to calculate the total values. Calculations are carried out according to the formula:
P=R/√(k-1)
R denotes the bet size for odds 2.0, and k is the odds offered by the bookmaker. You will have to use a calculator, but the calculations will not cause any special problems. Sometimes even determining the tax on winnings is more complicated.
Let's say the bookmaker offered odds of 1.1. When you substitute all the numbers into the formula, you can see that you can bet 15.81% of the bank on the game.
Famous flutists
One of the most famous modern flutists is the Italian Nicola Mazzanti. He recorded several albums entirely dedicated to the picollo flute. He also publishes manual books on playing the picollo.
Soviet flutist Nikolai Platonov was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR. His popular works: the opera “Lieutenant Schmidt”, “Overture for Symphony Orchestra”, “12 Etudes for Solo”.
American singer Lizzo performs alternative hip-hop and actively uses the flute in her songs. In 2022, Lizzo won the Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album.
The band Jethro Tull was the first to use the flute in rock music. The instrument is played by the band's vocalist Ian Anderson.
